Complex clauses
A complex causes gives us extra information about a sentence. It is introduced by a linking word or phrases.
- Contrast: Linkers include: although, though, in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that.
- Purpose: Linkers include: so (that)
- Reason: Linkers include: because, as, since
- Result: Linkers include: so… that, such…. That
Linkers of contrast
We use these linkers in the following ways:
- although/though + clause.
“So far James has visited five countries, although he has only spent ten euros!”
- Despite the fact that/in spite of the fact that + clause.
“We bought the tickets despite the fact that they were expensive”
- despite/ in spite of + noun/pronoun or gerund
“In spite of all the discounts…”
Linkers of purpose and reason
- We can use the following linkers to talk about the purpose of an action.
- We can use the following linkers to talk about the reason for an action or event.
* As/ because/ since + clause
- “As the flight was cancelled, we stayed an extra night”
*Because of + noun/ noun phrases
-“He couldn’t go jet-skiing because of the bad weather”
Linkers of result
We can use the following linkers to talk about the result or effect of something
- so + adjective + that clause
- so + adverb + that clause
- such + a(n) + adjective + singular noun + that clause
- such + adjective + uncomfortable noun + that clause
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