Vocabulary

 Unit 0                                                         

 Extra vocabulary

 Pretty: bastante

 Migt join: podría apuntar

 Although: aun que   

 At first: al principio

 Find out: adivinar

 Pretty busy: bastante ocupado

 In a while: durante un tiempo

 Slopes: pistas

 Enjoy: disfrutar

 Used to: solia

Unit 1 

Education: verbs                                                             

Achieve: conseguir, lograr                                        

Cheat: engañar                                                                   

Copy: copiar                                                                      

Fail: fracasar                                                                     

Get a high mark: sacar una buena nota                       

Get a low mark: sacar una mala nota                           

Pass: aprobar                                                                    

Panic: pánico                                                                    

Revise: revisar                                                                  
Study: estudiar                                                                 

Punish: castigar

Be banned: ser expulsado

Education: nouns

Primary School: escuela de primaria

Secondary School: escuela de secundaria

Subject: matéria

Uniform: uniforme

University: universidad

Adjective, verb and noun prefixes

Anti-learning: no aprender

Anti-war: pacífico

Co-educational: coinstructivo

Coexist: coexistir

Cooperation: cooperación

Misbehave: portarse mal

Misprint: errata

Misunderstand: entender mal

Outperform: superar a

Outrun: correr más que

Overcharge: sobrecarga, cobrar de más a

Overconfident: creído

Overwork: trabajar en exceso

Rewrite: reescribir

Redo: rehacer

Underachieve: no conseguido

Undercook: no cocinado

Underestimate: bajo estimado

False friends

Advise: aconsejar

Attend: estar presente en

Career: series de trabajos

College: universitat

Lecture: sobre una determinada cosa o material

Library: biblioteca

Realize: entender, darse cuenta

Success: aprobar

Carried out: llevar a cabo

Extra vocabulary

Joked: bromear

A-levels: examen batxillerat

Investment: investigar

Either: tanto en / ho ho

Dictation

A friend of mine took a maths exam last year. He hadn’t done much revision, so he coyed from the girl. Who was sitting next to him unfortunately, the girl was talking a different exam. My friend got very low marks.

Relative Clauses

That, When, Where, Which, Who, Whose

We use relative pronouns to add a new clause (the relative clause) to a sentence. We choose a relative pronoun that refers to the noun before the relative clause.

·         Who-That

-          The person who I wanted to see was French

·         Which-That

-          This is the picture which caused such sensation.

·         When

-          the day when we met him

·         Where

-          The house where we lived was very big

·         Whose

-          Josh is the boy whose friend built my house

Defining relative clauses

Defining relative clauses give essential information about the noun that they follow. Without the relative clause the sentence would be incomplete and would not make sense.

-          The supermarket which is near my mother's house is closing down.

Non-defining relative clauses

Non-defining relative clauses give extra information which is not essential about the noun that they follow. If we remove the relative clause, the sentence still makes sense.

-          The capital city of Spain, which has a population of about 5 million inhabitants, is in the centre of the country.

Who’s and whose

Don’t confuse who’s and whose in relative clauses. Whose is a relative pronoun which refers to possession.

-          He’s the person whose achievements I admire the most.

Who’s is the contracted form of who is or who has.

-          He’s the one who’s (who is) very intelligent.

-          He’s the teacher who’s (who has) lived in Kosovo.

Future forms

Present Continuous for future use

We use the present continuous to talk about short term plan or arrangements.

-I’m doing my homework tonight

Future Continuous

We use it to talk about:

·         Take place over a period of time.

-          I’ll be visiting my grandmother.

·         Have already been planned.

-          We’ll be leaving on day after Christmas.

Future Perfect Simple

We use it to talk about something that will be completed by a specific moment in the future:

·         Affirmative

-          I/he/she/it/we/you/they +will + have + past participle

-          I’ll have been here for six hours.

·         Negative

-          I/he/she/it/we/you/they + won’t + have + past participle

-          She won’t have arrived yet.

·         Questions

-          Will + I/he/she/it/we/you/they + have + past participle

-          Will you have finished by midday?

Will

We use it to:

·         Make predictions or give opinions about the future.

-          It will be really hot this summer

·         Express spontaneous decisions made at the moment of speaking.

-          I think I’ll read this book next.

Going to

We use it to:

·         Talk about our plans and intentions.

-          I’m going to see Shakira at the Arena tonight

·         Make predictions based on evidence at the time of speaking.

-          The sky is clear. The weather is going to be nice.